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Revolt & Crown Rule

India · 1865Bombay's cotton-share mania collapses as the American Civil War ends

Under Viceroy Sir John Lawrence, 1865 was marked by economic shock as the end of the American Civil War burst Bombay's cotton-fuelled speculative boom. Colonial control deepened through the Indian Forest Act and the Treaty of Sinchula, while Dadabhai Naoroji founded the London Indian Society.

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Key figures

Sir John Lawrence — Viceroy of India (1864-1869), in office through 1865.Dadabhai Naoroji — founded the London Indian Society (1865); pioneer of early constitutional nationalism.W.C. Bonnerjee — associated with early Indian political work in London; later first President of the INC (1885).Lala Lajpat Rai — born 28 January 1865; future nationalist leader and 'Punjab Kesari'.Dietrich Brandis — first Inspector-General of Forests in India, central to early colonial forest administration.Premchand Roychand — Bombay broker associated with the 1865 cotton-share boom and crash; later philanthropist.

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