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Swadeshi & Home Rule

India · 1908Khudiram's gallows and Tilak's Mandalay sentence: revolution meets repression

Swadeshi militancy turned revolutionary: the Muzaffarpur bombing led to Khudiram Bose's hanging and the Alipore Conspiracy Case, while Tilak was sentenced to transportation to Mandalay for sedition. The Raj answered with repressive laws as the Moderate-led Congress reorganised at Madras after the 1907 Surat split.

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Key figures

Bal Gangadhar Tilak — Extremist leader sentenced on 22 July 1908 to six years' transportation to Mandalay for sedition.Khudiram Bose — revolutionary hanged on 11 August 1908 for the Muzaffarpur bombing; an early martyr of the movement.Prafulla Chaki — Khudiram Bose's fellow attacker at Muzaffarpur, who shot himself to evade capture.Aurobindo Ghose — nationalist tried in the Alipore Bomb Case and acquitted in 1909.Rash Behari Ghose — Moderate leader who presided over the 1908 Madras Congress session.Lord Minto — Viceroy from 1905 to 1910, associated with both the Morley–Minto reforms and the repressive legislation of

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