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Swadeshi & Home Rule

India · 1915Gandhi returns from South Africa as the First World War reshapes colonial India

Gandhi returned from South Africa on 9 January 1915 and toured India on Gokhale's advice, founding the Satyagraha Ashram at Ahmedabad. The Moderates lost Gokhale and Pherozeshah Mehta, the Ghadar uprising was crushed, and the Defence of India Act strengthened wartime repression as the First World War drew in over a million Indians.

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Key figures

Mahatma Gandhi — returned from South Africa on 9 January 1915 and founded the Satyagraha Ashram; began his Indian publicGopal Krishna Gokhale — foremost Moderate and Gandhi's political mentor; died on 19 February 1915.Pherozeshah Mehta — Moderate Congress stalwart; died on 5 November 1915.S.P. Sinha — president of the 1915 Bombay session of the Indian National Congress.Kartar Singh Sarabha — young Ghadar revolutionary; executed on 16 November 1915.Madan Mohan Malaviya — closely associated with the founding of Banaras Hindu University under the BHU Act, 1915.

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