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The Republic & the Nehru Years

India · 1954Panchsheel: India and China proclaim the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

India and China signed the Panchsheel Agreement on 29 April 1954, setting out the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. At home, the Department of Atomic Energy was created under Homi J. Bhabha, the Special Marriage Act was enacted, the Bharat Ratna and Padma awards were instituted, and French settlements passed to Indian administration.

← 1953 1955 → All years

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Key figures

Jawaharlal Nehru — Prime Minister; associated with Panchsheel, non-alignment and Plan-era development projects.Zhou Enlai — Chinese Premier; visited India in June 1954 and reaffirmed the Five Principles with Nehru.Homi J. Bhabha — head of the Department of Atomic Energy from 1954 and a pioneer of India's nuclear programme.C. Rajagopalachari, S. Radhakrishnan and C.V. Raman — the first Bharat Ratna recipients, 1954.Rajendra Prasad — President of India in 1954, when the civilian honours and key laws were instituted.Fazl Ali — chairman of the States Reorganisation Commission, which worked through 1954.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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