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Reforms, Rights & Growth

India · 2009UPA returns: Manmohan Singh's second term and the Right to Education Act

In 2009 the Congress-led UPA won a decisive second term in the 15th Lok Sabha election, making Manmohan Singh the first Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to office after completing a full five-year term. Parliament enacted the Right to Education Act and the government set up UIDAI, amid the Satyam fraud, a weak monsoon and post-26/11 diplomacy.

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Key figures

Manmohan Singh — Prime Minister; led the UPA to a second term in 2009.Pratibha Patil — President of India.K. G. Balakrishnan — Chief Justice of India in 2009.Meira Kumar — elected the first woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha in 2009.Nandan Nilekani — first chairperson of UIDAI.A. R. Rahman — won two Academy Awards for Slumdog Millionaire in 2009.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

Bills & Acts of 2009

From our live BillTracker — real legislation recorded for 2009.

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009Enacted

Makes free and compulsory education a fundamental right for every child aged 6–14, operationalising Article 21A.

Why it matters: Operationalises Article 21A; high-yield for Polity (rights) and Social Justice (education, GS-2).

↥ All years BillTracker Exam prep

Researched by a multi-model AI editorial board and cross-checked against sources; Bills are real records from BillTracker. This is a study aid, not a substitute for primary sources. Spotted an error? Tell us.