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सुधार, अधिकार और विकास

India · 2013यूपीए-II के अंतिम पूर्ण वर्ष में अधिकार-आधारित कानून और टेपर-टैंट्रम (taper-tantrum) रुपया संकट

अपने अंतिम पूर्ण वर्ष में, यूपीए-II ने अधिकार-आधारित कानूनों (जैसे खाद्य सुरक्षा, उचित भूमि अधिग्रहण, लोकपाल, नया कंपनी कानून और बलात्कार-विरोधी सुधार) का एक समूह पारित किया, जबकि दूसरी ओर अमेरिकी फेडरल रिजर्व के 'टेपर टैंट्रम' (taper tantrum) के कारण रुपये के मूल्य में भारी गिरावट आई। इसी बीच न्यायपालिका ने चुनावी कानूनों को नया रूप दिया और इसरो ने मार्स ऑर्बिटर मिशन (मंगलयान) लॉन्च किया।

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प्रमुख व्यक्तित्व

Manmohan Singh — Prime Minister (UPA-II), presiding over the 2013 legislative push and the rupee crisis.Pranab Mukherjee — President of India, who assented to several landmark Acts of the period.Raghuram Rajan — took office as RBI Governor in September 2013 and led the rupee-stabilisation effort.P. Sathasivam — sworn in as the 40th Chief Justice of India in July 2013.Arvind Kejriwal — Aam Aadmi Party leader who became Delhi Chief Minister in December 2013.K. Radhakrishnan — ISRO Chairman during the Mars Orbiter Mission launch.

UPSC / राज्य PCS — परीक्षा फोकस

2013 के विधेयक और अधिनियम

From our live BillTracker — real legislation recorded for 2013.

Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013Enacted

Establishes the Lokpal at the Centre and Lokayuktas in states to inquire into corruption allegations against public functionaries.

Why it matters: Born of the anti-corruption movement; core Polity topic (statutory anti-graft bodies, accountability).

Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013Enacted

Replaces the colonial Land Acquisition Act, 1894 with consent, fair compensation, social-impact assessment and resettlement guarantees.

Why it matters: Replaces the 1894 colonial law; key for Economy (land, infrastructure) and Governance (land-acquisition debate).

National Food Security Act, 2013Enacted

Makes subsidised foodgrain a legal entitlement for about two-thirds of the population through the public distribution system.

Why it matters: Rights-based food entitlement; high-yield for Economy (food security, PDS) and Social Justice (GS-2/GS-3).

Companies Act, 2013Enacted

Modernises company law, strengthening corporate governance, investor protection and the first statutory CSR mandate in the world.

Why it matters: Key for Economy (corporate governance, CSR) and the NCLT/insolvency ecosystem.

Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013Enacted

The POSH Act — gives statutory shape to the Vishaka guidelines for protecting women from sexual harassment at the workplace.

Why it matters: Codifies the Vishaka judgment; relevant for Social Justice, gender and judiciary-to-law questions.

Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013Enacted

Enacted after the 2012 Delhi gang-rape, it widened the definition of sexual offences and stiffened punishments based on the Verma Committee.

Why it matters: Direct legislative response to a public outcry; key for Polity, Social Justice and the law-reform process.

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Researched by a multi-model AI editorial board and cross-checked against sources; Bills are real records from BillTracker. This is a study aid, not a substitute for primary sources. Spotted an error? Tell us.