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Swadeshi & Home Rule

India · 1905Partition of Bengal ignites the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement

Lord Curzon's partition of Bengal, announced on 19 July and effective 16 October 1905, split the province and provoked mass opposition. The boycott resolution adopted at Calcutta Town Hall on 7 August gave organised shape to the Swadeshi Movement, marking a shift from Moderate petitioning towards wider political agitation and economic self-reliance.

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The Freedom Struggle & National Movementस्वतंत्रता संग्राम और राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन

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Key figures

Lord Curzon — Viceroy who ordered the Partition of Bengal, effective 16 October 1905, which sparked the Swadeshi MovemenGopal Krishna Gokhale — INC President at the Benares session in 1905 and founder of the Servants of India Society; a leaSurendranath Banerjea — a leading organiser of the anti-partition agitation in Bengal.Bal Gangadhar Tilak — Extremist leader who pressed for boycott and self-reliance beyond Bengal.Rabindranath Tagore — composed 'Amar Sonar Bangla' and promoted Rakhi Bandhan as a symbol of unity against partition.Lord Minto — succeeded Curzon as Viceroy in November 1905.

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