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The Gandhian Era & Mass Struggle

India · 1944Gandhi–Jinnah talks fail over the CR Formula as the INA fights on Indian soil

Freed in May 1944, Gandhi met Jinnah in September over the C. Rajagopalachari formula; the talks failed, hardening the Congress–League deadlock over Pakistan. Bose's INA advanced with Japanese forces into Manipur and raised its flag at Moirang before the Imphal–Kohima offensive collapsed. The Bombay Plan became a major statement in economic debate.

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Key figures

Mahatma Gandhi — released in May 1944; led the failed talks with Jinnah on the CR Formula.Muhammad Ali Jinnah — Muslim League president; rejected the CR Formula as a basis for settlement, consolidating the PakiSubhas Chandra Bose — INA supreme commander; headed Azad Hind and the INA during the 1944 Imphal campaign and addressed C. Rajagopalachari — author of the 1944 CR Formula offering a basis for a Congress–League settlement.Lord Wavell — Viceroy of India, presiding over wartime governance and settlement efforts.Homi J. Bhabha — proposed in 1944 the institute that became TIFR, a founding figure of Indian nuclear science.

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