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The Gandhian Era & Mass Struggle

India · 1945INA Red Fort trials, the failed Simla Conference, and the end of the Second World War

As the Second World War ended, India entered the final phase of British rule. The Wavell Plan and Simla Conference collapsed over communal representation, Britain's new Labour government announced fresh elections, and the INA Red Fort trials turned wartime nationalism into a major mass cause.

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Key figures

Lord Wavell — Viceroy of India; author of the Wavell Plan and host of the Simla Conference in 1945Muhammad Ali Jinnah — Muslim League president whose stand on Muslim representation contributed to the failure of the SimJawaharlal Nehru — Congress leader associated with the INA Defence Committee and central to post-war negotiationsSubhas Chandra Bose — INA leader reported to have died in an air crash on 18 August 1945Clement Attlee — became British Prime Minister in July 1945; his Labour government moved towards transferring powerHomi J. Bhabha — physicist who founded TIFR in 1945; architect of India's atomic-energy programme

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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