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Wars, the Green Revolution & the Emergency

India · 1969Bank nationalisation and the Congress split reshape Indira Gandhi's India

Indira Gandhi nationalised 14 major banks in July and, after a contested presidential election, the Congress split in November into Congress (R) and Congress (O). President Zakir Husain died in office, the MRTP Act and Fourth Five-Year Plan advanced a state-led economy, and ISRO was formed in 1969.

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Polity & Governanceराजव्यवस्था एवं शासन

Economyअर्थव्यवस्था

Science, Technology & Spaceविज्ञान, प्रौद्योगिकी एवं अंतरिक्ष

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Key figures

Indira Gandhi — Prime Minister; nationalised major banks, backed V.V. Giri, and led Congress (R) after the split.Morarji Desai — Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister who lost the Finance portfolio in July 1969 and resigned fromZakir Husain — President of India; died in office on 3 May 1969, the first President of India to do so.V.V. Giri — elected President of India in 1969 as an independent candidate backed by the 'conscience vote'.Vikram Sarabhai — physicist associated with the formation of ISRO in 1969 and regarded as the father of India's space prS. Nijalingappa — Congress President associated with the organisation faction during the 1969 Congress split.

UPSC / State PCS — Exam focus

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