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India · 1970Supreme Court voids bank-nationalisation law and blocks privy-purse abolition; Lok Sabha dissolved

Executive-judiciary confrontation marked 1970: the Supreme Court struck down the 1969 bank-nationalisation law in R.C. Cooper and invalidated the President's order de-recognising the former rulers, while the privy-purse amendment had failed in the Rajya Sabha. In December, the Fourth Lok Sabha was dissolved for early 1971 elections.

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Key figures

Indira Gandhi — Prime Minister; associated with bank nationalisation, the privy-purse abolition drive and the early dissV.V. Giri — President of India; issued the order de-recognising the former princes, later struck down by the Supreme CouM. Hidayatullah — Chief Justice of India until his retirement on 16 December 1970.J.C. Shah — authored the R.C. Cooper majority judgment; became Chief Justice of India on 17 December 1970.Verghese Kurien — National Dairy Development Board chairman; central figure in Operation Flood and the White Revolution.Sheikh Mujibur Rahman — Awami League leader whose December 1970 election victory precipitated the crisis leading to 1971

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