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Coalitions, Insurgencies & Change

India · 1990Mandal and Mandir convulse India as the V.P. Singh government collapses

Caste and faith reshaped politics: V.P. Singh announced implementation of the Mandal Commission's 27% OBC reservation in central government jobs as L.K. Advani's Rath Yatra intensified the Ayodhya movement; the BJP withdrew support after his arrest, the government fell, and Chandra Shekhar became Prime Minister. The Gulf crisis and the Kashmir insurgency deepened the instability.

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Key figures

V.P. Singh — Prime Minister who announced implementation of the Mandal Commission recommendations; government fell in NoL.K. Advani — BJP leader whose Ram Rath Yatra escalated the Ayodhya movement; arrested in Bihar (Oct 23).Chandra Shekhar — became Prime Minister (Nov 10) heading a Janata Dal splinter with Congress(I) support.R. Venkataraman — President of India through the 1990 government changes.T.N. Seshan — appointed Chief Election Commissioner (Dec 12), later central to electoral reform.Jagmohan — Governor of Jammu & Kashmir from Jan 19 during the militancy surge and Kashmiri Pandit exodus.

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